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The late Bronze Age saw marked changes in landscape use across much of southern Britain and a new exceptionally rich site type, frequently termed a midden, developed. These distinctive sites are characterised by thick artefact-ric...
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The late Bronze Age saw marked changes in landscape use across much of southern Britain and a new exceptionally rich site type, frequently termed a midden, developed. These distinctive sites are characterised by thick artefact-rich deposits and substantial dark earth layers. Although not a defining feature, the size of many middens is their most striking characteristic. For example, one of the largest middens, Potterne, excavated by Andrew Lawson in the 1980s, covers approximately 3.5ha and has 1- 1.5m thick deposits across much of its area. Consequently, excavations of even relatively small areas of these sites yield vast quantities of material culture. Feasting was central to the accumulation of these mounds and fragmentary animal bone is invariably the most common find. These faunal assemblages often have a substantially higher proportion of pigs than other later prehistoric settlements. For example, at the smaller midden (c. 0.3ha) at Llanmaes in South Wales, recently excavated by Adam Gwilt of Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales and Mark Lodwick of the Portable Antiquities Scheme, 70% of identified specimens were pig (total fragments 80,000). An even more unusual feature at Llanmaes was a pronounced preference for right forequarter elements.
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Animal manure can be a source of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) and pharmaceutical residues; however, few studies have evaluated the presence of ARG in pasture-raised animal production systems. The objective of this study was t...
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Animal manure can be a source of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) and pharmaceutical residues; however, few studies have evaluated the presence of ARG in pasture-raised animal production systems. The objective of this study was to examine changes in microbiome diversity and the presence of antibiotic residues (ABRs) on three farms that contained a diverse range of animal species: pasture-raised poultry (broiler and layer), swine, and beef cattle. Total bacterial communities were determined using 16S rRNA microbiome analysis, while specific ARGs (sulfonamide [Sul; Sul1] and tetracycline [Tet; TetA]) were enumerated by qPCR (real-time PCR). Results indicated that the ARG abundances (Sul1 [P < 0.05] and TetA [P < 0.001]) were higher in layer hen manures (16.5 x 10(-4) and 1.4 x 10(-4) mu g kg(-1), respectively) followed by broiler chickens (2.9 x 10(-4) and 1.7 x 10-4 mu g kg(-1), respectively), swine (0.22 x 10(-4) and 0.20 x 10(-4) mu g kg(-1), respectively) and beef cattle (0.19 x 10(-4) and 0.02 x 10(-4) mu g kg(-1), respectively). Average fecal TetA ABR tended to be greater (P = 0.09) for broiler chickens (11.4 mu g kg(-1)) than for other animal species (1.8 to 0.06 mu g kg(-1)), while chlortetracycline, lincomycin, and oxytetracycline ABRs were similar among animal species. Furthermore, fecal microbial richness and abundances differed significantly (P < 0.01) both among farms and specific species of animal. This study indicated that the microbial diversity, ABR, ARG concentrations, and types in feces varied from farm-to-farm and from animal species-to-animal species. Future studies are necessary to perform detailed investigations of the horizontal transfer mechanism of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms (ARMs) and ARG.
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Abstract The current study aims to provide a new method for the identification of animal species by using the scanning electron microscopic study on the nasal skin around the nostril. The reference databases for animal identificat...
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Abstract The current study aims to provide a new method for the identification of animal species by using the scanning electron microscopic study on the nasal skin around the nostril. The reference databases for animal identification using traditional ways (i.e., hair and bone analyses) were somewhat available. This study was conducted on the nasal skin of seven different animal species: large ruminants (Saidi buffalo and frozen Angus cattle); small ruminants (Egyptian goat and Rahmani sheep); camels (one‐hump dromedary camel); equines (African domestic donkey and Arabian horse); carnivores (farm domestic cat, Egyptian Baladi dog, and red fox); swine (Danish Landrace pig); and rodents (albino rat and New Zealand white rabbit). The nasal skin was divided by grooves into different shaped raised areas in some examined animals, the mean diameter of these areas and width of the grooves of each animal species were recorded. The characteristic differential features of the nasal skin of each animal species have been documented. Few openings of the nasolabial glands were demonstrated in large ruminants and swine, which were H letter‐shaped in buffaloes, oval‐shaped in cattle, and whirlpool‐shaped with several layers of folds on their margin in pig. Moreover, the openings of the lateral nasal glands were whirlpool, ovoid, and oval shaped in goats, sheep, and camels, respectively. In conclusion, the present study proved that the skin around the nostrils plays an important role as means of identification in forensic investigations and improves the field of veterinary forensic medicine in general, which is not well‐developed in comparison with human forensics.
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Human hair is unusual in the animal kingdom. Unlike, many species we have many natural hair colours ranging from jet black to bright orange. Have you ever wondered how these colours occur and why?
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This paper examines issues surrounding the vahies of farmers, consumers, cliefs, and other food activists who are working to expand the production and consumption of pastured pork in central North Carohna (a region known as the Pi...
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This paper examines issues surrounding the vahies of farmers, consumers, cliefs, and other food activists who are working to expand the production and consumption of pastured pork in central North Carohna (a region known as the Piedmont). What I try to demonstrate in this pa|3cr are the ways that an “ethics of care” (Heath and Meneley 2010) is often articulated in terms of the cultural categories of “connection” and “authenticit}'.” These consciously expressed categories are shown to undergirda range of commitments, from concerns about animal w'elfare, to support for “local” economies, to parental earc for children. My discussion considers the relationships among the lives of animals and the meat they yield, as well as the craft that bringsabout that transformation, and shows how the ethical questions embedded in these ating Ursula relationships and processes depend upon a wider set of cultural practices and values that are jjressing concerns in our larger economy and society. 1 further consider how examining everyday understandings of “connection” and “authenticity,” as revealed in ethnographic work with farmers, consimiers, restaurateurs, and other food activists in the Piedmont, can highlight certain tensions within this “ethicsof care” —such as tensions about food taboos and certificahon processes —that speak to the politics of food activism in the region and elsewhere.
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Non-cage farming is gradually becoming the mainstream mode of poultry farming worldwide, which has led to concerns regarding the welfare of laying hens in China. Under huge pressure for the supply of eggs, China, with relatively i...
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Non-cage farming is gradually becoming the mainstream mode of poultry farming worldwide, which has led to concerns regarding the welfare of laying hens in China. Under huge pressure for the supply of eggs, China, with relatively insufficient land resources, is highly dependent on cage systems, thus posing significant challenges related to animal welfare. In the context of this dilemma, China’s abundant woodland resources provide a means to improve the welfare of laying hens, in particular, providing a wide living space for laying hens to express their natural behaviours, such as foraging and reproduction. At the same time, this profitable farming model has been welcomed and supported by farmers in some areas of China, and is gradually being promoted, which may provide a template and confidence for China and other countries to address the challenges of keeping hens in non-cage systems in order to improve animal welfare.
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